{"id":27688,"date":"2018-06-24T11:18:36","date_gmt":"2018-06-24T08:18:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=27688"},"modified":"2019-11-10T10:31:10","modified_gmt":"2019-11-10T08:31:10","slug":"german_synagogues","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/en\/german_synagogues\/","title":{"rendered":"The Night of Broken Glass and Broken Hearts"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The loud pop of an early 20<sup>th<\/sup> century camera flash and the clumsy angling of a budding photographer are all that remain of a beloved synagogue in Hamburg, Germany, a building that had served as the epicenter of the religious Jewish community until the early 1930s when the horrors of the Holocaust brought German Jewish life crashing down.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jewish suffering in Germany didn\u2019t begin with World War II. The Jewish community in Germany, founded in the early 5<sup>th<\/sup> century, began to flourish in the Medieval times in Worms, Speyer, Berlin and Mains. After suffering through decades of crusades and pogroms, the Jewish community eventually achieved emancipation and began to flourish once again.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_27689\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27689\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27689\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/FL38048442-451x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"665\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/FL38048442-451x600.jpg 451w, https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/FL38048442-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/FL38048442-768x1022.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/FL38048442.jpg 1697w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27689\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Die Bornplatzsynagoge in Hamburg, photograph from the National Library collection.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">By the early 1930s, over half a million Jews were living and flourishing in the heart of Germany. In a matter of a few short years, Jewish life descended into chaos. The Jewish community was caught off guard as the rise of the Nazi party reinvigorated the persecution and discrimination in their beloved country.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Imagine the scene.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">It is November 9, 1938. The streets of Germany under the Nazi regime are rife with tension as evening approaches.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_27692\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27692\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27692\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/FL16156476-391x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/FL16156476-391x600.jpg 391w, https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/FL16156476-195x300.jpg 195w, https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/FL16156476.jpg 521w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27692\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">N\u00fcrnberg Synagogue, from the Abraham Shalom Yehuda archive at the National Library of Israel.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">That night, the carefully orchestrated violence begins. Jews hide, cowering in their homes as their businesses are destroyed by raging German citizens and officials. They hide in fear as their Great Synagogue of Hamburg, photographed just a few short years ago by a passing tourist, goes up in flames, leaving nothing behind but a simple photograph to remember it by.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kristallnacht. The night of broken glass. Two days of violence that resulted in the destruction\u00a0of 250 beloved synagogues, the very heart of the religious Jewish communities.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_27702\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27702\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27702\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/FL16156683.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/FL16156683.jpg 800w, https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/FL16156683-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/FL16156683-768x503.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27702\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A New Years greeting card printed in brown with inlaid images of the Lindenstrasse Synagogue\u00a0 in Berlin. Form the Abraham Shalom Yehuda archive at the National Library of Israel.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The photographs and old postcards found in the National Library of Israel archives depict the beautiful architecture of the beloved synagogues built in the decades before the start of World War II and stand in living memory of what was lost to the Jews of Germany.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 522px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/FL16156420.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"522\" height=\"800\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The synagogue of the town of Karlsbad, built in 1877 and burnt by the Nazis on Kristallnacht.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 522px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/FL19165708.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"522\" height=\"800\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The New Synagogue in the town of Breslau, Germany (today Wroclaw, Poland). One of the largest synagogues in Germany of the time, it was a center of Liberal Judaism. Destroyed on Kristallnacht.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_34812\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-34812\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-34812\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/FL19165749-300x274.jpg\" alt=\"\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05db\u05e0\u05e1\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9\u05e7 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d5\u05d5\u05e8\u05de\u05e1 (\u05d5\u05d5\u05e8\u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05d6\u05d0), \u05d2\u05e8\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4: \u05d4\u05d3\u05e4\u05e1 \u05db\u05e1\u05e3 \u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9 \u05de\u05ea\u05e6\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d1\u05df. \u05ea\u05e6\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd \u05d6\u05d4 \u05e0\u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d1\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u05d7 (9 \u05d1\u05e0\u05d5\u05d1\u05de\u05d1\u05e8 1938) \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05d5 \u05e0\u05e9\u05e8\u05e3 \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05db\u05e0\u05e1\u05ea \u05d5\u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05d7\u05e8 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8, \u05e0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d1 \u05e2\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d1\u05d9\u05de\u05d9 \u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05d4\u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4. \u05ea\u05e6\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d5\u05e4\u05e7, \u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05dc\u05d5\u05d5\u05d3\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05e9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e2\u05e9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd\" width=\"500\" height=\"457\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/FL19165749-300x274.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/FL19165749-768x702.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/FL19165749-657x600.jpg 657w, https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/FL19165749.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-34812\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The ancient Worms Synagogue was orignally built in the 11th century. Over the centuries it has been damaged many times, including on Kristallnacht when it was reduced to rubble. It was rebuilt again in 1961.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Old photographs and postcards reveal how much was lost to the Jewish community on the night of the infamous Kristallnacht pogrom at the start of World War II. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":27916,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","footnotes":""},"categories":[216],"tags":[649,309],"tags2":[],"class_list":["post-27688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diaspora","tag-gesherleuropa","tag-theholocaust"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Night of Broken 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