life before the holocaust

At an assembly of the Nazi Party in September 1935, the Reichstag passed laws that stripped German Jews of their citizenship

Spoiler alert: The father of psychoanalysis was not the biggest fan of establishing a Jewish state in Mandatory Palestine.

In honor of the “Back to School” season, we bring you several stories about children from across Europe on their first day of school.

Meet the doctor who helped Herzl get to the podium in time to open the Fourth Zionist Congress in London.

From lake houses to spa days, Jews from all over Europe took full advantage of their summer vacations, building memories that would last a lifetime.

An elaborately decorated Pinkas now kept at the Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People tells the story of the Talmud Torah of Riga which sought to return former child soldiers – and their children – to their Jewish roots.

How did rare photographs of Polish Jews end up in a French soldier’s photo album?

These “10 commandments” for building a good relationship were found in a pamphlet distributed to all students graduating from a trade school under the Nazi regime.

Abraham Adolf Fraenkel, a doctor of mathematics, served in the German army during the Great War and organized a Passover Seder for his fellow Jewish soldiers.